Eponymous Signs of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy:
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Lid Signs of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy:
- Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.
- Von Graefe’s Sign: Lid lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.
- Vigoroux Sign: Eyelid fullness/swelling. (Figure 1)
- Grove Sign: Resistance to pulling down the retracted upper lid.
- Rosenbach’s Sign: Fine tremors of the eyelids when closed.
- Gifford’s Sign: Difficulty in everting upper lid.
- Enroth Sign: Edema of lower lid. (Figure 1)
- Boston’s Sign: jerky irregular movement of upper lid on downward gaze.
- Kocher’s Sign: Increased lid retraction with visual f ixation (staring look). (Figure 2)
- Abadie Sign: Spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid.
- Riesman’s sign: Bruit heard over the closed eye with a stethoscope.
Facial Signs of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy::
- Stellwag Sign: Incomplete and infrequent blinking (staring look).
- Joffroy Sign: Absent creases in the forehead on superior gaze. (Figure 3)
- Jellinek’s Sign: Hyperpigmentation of the superior eye folds.
- Hertoge’s Sign: Loss of the lateral third of eyebrows.
- Sainton’s sign: Delayed forehead wrinkling on up gaze.
Extra-Ocular Muscle Signs:
- Möbius Sign: Inability to converge. (Figure 4)
- Ballet Sign: Restriction of one or more extraocular muscles.
- Jendrassik’s Sign: Limitation of abduction and rotation of eyeballs.
- Suker’s Sign: Poor fixation on abduction.
Pupillary Signs:
- Cowen’s Sign: Jerky pupillary constriction to light.
- Lowy’s Sign: Mydriasis with instillation of lower concentration of adrenaline.
- Knies’s sign: Unequal dilatation of pupil in dim light.
Others:
- Goldzeiher’s Sign: Deep injection of the bulbar conjunctiva. (Figure 5)
- Payne Trouseau Sign: Globe luxation.
- Sattler Sign: Increased intra-ocular pressure in upgaze.
Credit: Singh P. Eponymous Signs of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy.
